Physics

 JP Sweeney, author

Society is at a crossroads. It’s at the crucial point for our culture to take the next step in technology. With all the technological advances in communications, technology can be used to take us to advances in transportation. 

Science is about studying; scientific research is the quest for answers. In this scientific endeavor, where can we go for solutions? Theoretical physics is a fascinating subject and extremely relevant to the subject of gravity.

Let’s get the answer to this question: what is gravity? The most abundant force in the universe.

What is gravity? 

Most people have heard of Albert Einstein.  Of those interested in science, most have heard of Einstein’s most famous equation pertaining to his explanation of relativity; as E = MC² Okay, let’s restate part of that sentence: ‘he explained relativity’.  This equation isn’t relating to energy as much as the formula is Einstein’s statement as it relates to his theory of relativity. 

Academia has insisted for years that there can be no greater speed than light.  How then, with academia’s full acceptance to Einstein’s famous equation, again; how does the community of scientific academia justify itself in agreeing with Einstein’s statement that energy is mass times twice the speed of light? 

The point being made here is that the collective opinion of scientific academia is more about political agreement of following a unified opinion than a scientific alignment in asking questions. This page is about science, asking questions and proposing solutions.

Science and emotions often clash.  Emotions direct thought.  Often, misconceptions are prevalent and accepted as fact.  Look at the correlation to understanding of how people perceive relativity according to our eyesight.  All images we see are inverted to the retina.  The reality is: everything we see is upside down from how we observe them.  Our feet cling to the ground and our bodies stretch outward, away from the planet surface. 

As a generality, philosophy is based on personal experience.  Keyword: personal.  Opinions that make sense are often called philosophical statements of great relevance.  These profound statements of idealism and opinion aren’t always based in fact.  This page is based upon personal findings thought to be profound, predominantly factual, and also relevant. It's purpose is to establish a personal communication for the chat page.

Let’s look again at Einstein’s equation.  Relating to light speed, what does it mean to square the speed of light?  It’s the application of Einstein’s theory to relativity.  The context of mass times the speed of light squared, states that; fundamental to our existence is the realization of us traveling through the universe at the speed of light. 

Perception of viewing life through our eyes, which display an inverted view, is similar to seeing everything in our universe as static; not as Einstein’s theory of relativity; moving at the speed of light.   

This means all laws of physics are fundamentally flawed.  This presents a conundrum to academia.  Academia has accepted Einstein’s theory of relativity but, doing so requires this understanding of what the equation states.

Late in his life Einstein was interviewed by a reporter who’d asked him if there was anything he would have liked to have discovered, that he wasn’t able to figure out (this isn’t a direct quote but, the general question).  Einstein replied that he would have liked to have been able to discover the makeup of gravity; to explain what gravity is.

What Einstein didn’t realize, and academia has missed, is that; in his theory: Einstein has explained gravity.  How?  As we look at motion, with the perspective: traveling at light speed, we gain a different view. The focus in this arena is to explain what gravity is. This perspective can then be used as a base to discover how to manipulate its function for transportation.  

Many years ago, I postulated a theory for the path of particle movement.  We’ll have to go off topic to justify why anyone should heed my claims.  At the time of my postulation, I was struggling through the challenges of life in one’s early 20’s.  Add to this the perpetuation of not so simi-moderate pot smoking, etc., fitting into the hippy lifestyle of the 70’s.  Nonetheless, my goal was to get a PhD in theoretical physics and present my theory.  I had discovered a pattern for balanced movement of matter which coincided with my studies.  I wasn’t a particularly good student yet, my search for knowledge was good and my extra curricular studies were long term and included deep theoretical research beyond college.  It allowed me to amass great knowledge into the field of theoretical physics.  The flaw in that lifestyle attitude was shown by the absence of an academic degree. Without credentialing my independence of philosophic thought; the theory remained unpublished.   

But, to clarify about the author; there are awards, irrelevant licenses, and a useful keen sense of design engineering.  I “see” things in the balance of how things work, a necessary component to the study of theoretical physics. As an example: when I was a child I was fascinated with magnets.  In high school I asked how magnets work.  What makes them attract?  This was one of the things that drew me into the world of theoretical physics.  Nothing I could find was able to provide a legitimate answer.  After I had been sidetracked from my college education pursuits, I discovered the answer; which took fifteen years of searching to find the answer.  I found the understanding and answered the question; what makes a magnet attract? It's molecular combinations of electron structure.  That simple sentence is the correct answer and it still isn’t found in science books or on an internet search.  The answer extends to a more complex procedure of specific elements with a similar number pertaining to balance in their outer shell of electrons, which is the combination of molecular form. 

Magnetism

Majorities are necessary for lynch mobs. Politics is where emotionalism reigns, however, honesty and truth are easily eradicated or misunderstood by falsehoods and deception. The language of today’s society consists of trendy euphemisms. Many facts are presumptions of scientific opinion and exaggerated social assertions. 

This is mentioned to build a foundation for saying something. In my many years of study, deep research has shown that much of science is an agreement of political opinion. While this a consistent and necessary practice, it can easily be incorrect.

A theory is an opinion. I have originated theories based upon accepted scientific opinion. The theory relevant to this writing is about transportation. It begins with a statement: The future of transportation floats, it’s source of motion is gravity.

This opinion originated from curiosity of the question: what makes a magnet attract? Having been unsatisfied with ambiguous answers, it was apparent that no one had an answer to my inquiry. These answers are the same as they were 50 years ago when I asked the question. And to the point of scientific opinion, it is apparent that science teaches gibberish they’re unaware of as answers. The answer is often phrased that magnetism is the product of a magnet. 

This is an example of the ambiguous run-around when answering a simple question: what is a magnet?

sciencing.com

Magnets are one of the rare items found in nature that are able to exert control over other objects without actually touching them. If you hold a magnet close to a certain type of object, it will either attract or repel it. This is due to the principles of magnetism.

To determine if an item has any magnetic properties, put it near iron filings or even a paperclip. If the iron is either attracted or repelled, the item in question can be considered a magnet. While it is possible to find certain types of rocks and minerals that are natural magnets, most magnets we see are manufactured.

The processes of magnetism occur on the atomic level. Magnets are surrounded by an invisible magnetic field that is made by the movement of electrons, the subatomic particles that circle the nucleus of an atom. The hyperactivity of these electrons gives magnets their ability to attract and repel.

Here is another example, to the question Why do magnets attract?

This is from a company that sells magnets:magnet4sale.com   

One question that many of us have is, what makes magnets attract? The answer to this question is fairly straightforward. It is based on the principle of attraction and repulsion, and this has been used in many fields in order to give human's something that can help them solve their problems and to improve their lives.

Does this answer your question of what makes a magnet attract? To me it was very typical to my query 50 years ago, yet it was completely inadequate.

This response is one of the best I’ve ever seen. It’s from National Geographic:

Magnetism is the force exerted by magnets when they attract or repel each other. Magnetism is caused by the motion of electric charges.
 
Every substance is made up of tiny units called atoms. Each atom has electrons, particles that carry electric charges. Spinning like tops, the electrons circle the nucleus, or core, of an atom. Their movement generates an electric current and causes each electron to act like a microscopic magnet.

In most substances, equal numbers of electrons spin in opposite directions, which cancels out their magnetism. That is why materials such as cloth or paper are said to be weakly magnetic. In substances such as iron, cobalt, and nickel, most of the electrons spin in the same direction. This makes the atoms in these substances strongly magnetic—but they are not yet magnets.
 
To become magnetized, another strongly magnetic substance must enter the magnetic field of an existing magnet. The magnetic field is the area around a magnet that has magnetic force.
 
All magnets have north and south poles. Opposite poles are attracted to each other, while the same poles repel each other. When you rub a piece of iron along a magnet, the north-seeking poles of the atoms in the iron line up in the same direction. The force generated by the aligned atoms creates a magnetic field. The piece of iron has become a magnet.
 
Some substances can be magnetized by an electric current. When electricity runs through a coil of wire, it produces a magnetic field. The field around the coil will disappear, however, as soon as the electric current is turned off.

This answer from National Geographic didn’t exist 50 years ago. The lack of a satisfactory answer caused a response that launched my own research. I began by attending a community college, then a university. I was a general science major and studied several fields of physics. My particular interest is in theoretical physics. It took 15 years to find the explanation. The answer was found by reason and research, found by discovering the answer instead of reading anyone else’s opinion.

What makes magnets attract? Molecular combination of electron structure. So, that’s the simple quick answer. In the more detailed answer, elements with an odd number of electrons in the orbit of their outer shell present a tendency of imbalance. Neodymium, however, is one of the strongest of magnetic raw earth elements when combined with other elements, yet, independently has a balanced flow of electron shells. The process of magnetism is a theory that the odd number of electrons causes an unbalanced orbital structure. This unbalanced motion provides the environment for the odd number of electrons to be attracted to and attach themselves to other elements within molecular structure. When combined with other elements, even Neodymium can find a molecular structure to have strong magnetic tendencies. These molecular structures of combined metaled elements, such as nickel, chromium or, something else; elements with the attractive magnetic tendencies: are attracted to ferrous materials. Ferrous materials are elements or molecules possessing iron qualities.

Due to the depth of analysis into theories of particle physics, it led to another curiosity that took even longer than 15 years. With a slow process of occasional consideration, 45 years later, the path of particle movement was discovered. In actuality, the cyclic pattern was discovered in less than five years. It took 40 years to find the path of particle mass.

The cyclic pattern of motion in particle mass is similar to the particle string theory of particle mass presented by Gabriele Venezianoin. The actual path of motion in particle mass was discovered in my search to find a definition for gravity. It was found that Einstein’s famous theory of relativity holds the answer in explaining gravity. 

Now, back to the topic of gravity.  Since this writing is about gravity, there’s a very important question that has to be asked: what is gravity?  It has everything to do with Einstein’s equation for relativity.  The famous statement in his Theory of Relativity (E= MC^2) states that energy is the squaring of light speed and mass. This statement says that mass times light speed is relativity. The squaring of light speed is what energy is.

Being in agreement with Einstein’s theory of relativity, it becomes revealing to contemplate his theory as it relates to gravity.  Answering the question: what is gravity; let’s look at what Einstein’s formula says. Relativity is mass traveling at light speed. It states that our reality is based on everything moving through the vastness of space at the speed of light. What is the definition of light speed squared? That's what energy is.

Inasmuch as the number for light squared might be assumed as hypothetical, we’ll consider it here as a perception.  In the consideration of all things in the universe traveling at the speed of light as the initial foundation to scientific calculations, we find that the process to energy is seen as thermodynamics and can be calculated.  So, we can find answers for heat buildup, potential and loss.  This still doesn’t explain gravity. 

Gravity is fundamental to all movement, it is the most abundant force in the universe.  Yet, it’s only a process.  Gravity is similar to a wave in the ocean.  Waves are frequency motion, a process of movement.  Water is the source for the ocean.  Mass is the source of the waves. 

400 years ago Newton defined the actions of gravity but, what is gravity?  Is it a process of the accumulation of mass or is it a process of subatomic matter?  Analyzing the basic claim in theoretical physics is that atomic matter involves an electromagnetic charge with a positively charged proton and a negatively charged electron. This, however, comes with no explanation of what gravity is. 

What is the correlation to gravity and magnets? Science explains that electrons operate with electromagnetic properties. To explore and ask what is a magnet, we ask the question to those engaged in scientific academia, here are a few replies:

popularmechanics.com/science/environment/a30153464/how-do-magnets-work

Magnetism is the force exerted by magnets, objects that repel or attract each other. This

powerful physical phenomenon is one component of electromagnetism, one of the fundamental forces of nature.

ece.northeastern.edu/fac-ece/nian/mom/work.html

A magnet is any object that produces its own magnetic field that interacts with other magnetic

fields. Magnets have two poles, a north pole and a south pole. The magnetic field is represented by field lines that start at a magnet’s north pole and end at the south pole. 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetism

Magnetism is a class of physical attributes that are mediated by magnetic fields. Electric currents and the magnetic moments of elementary particles give rise to a magnetic field, which acts on other currents and magnetic moments. Magnetism is one aspect of the combined phenomenon of electromagnetism. The most familiar effects occur in ferromagnetic materials, which are strongly attracted by magnetic fields and can be magnetized to become permanent magnets, producing magnetic fields themselves... 

My understanding of magnetics: it is the action of stray electrons in ferrous materials. Then, how can atoms of non-ferrous composition hold electromagnetic properties, since it is the scientific claim that magnetism is an action of ferromagnetism?  Since science has established magnetic action as ferromagnetism, how are magnetic properties able to exist in subatomic properties and yet lose their magnetic existence in large quantities of element mass that aren't ferrous? 

There are questions which science hasn't answered.  Here's another question: do gravitational properties only exist in large quantities?  This has an answer. Gravity is a process of subatomic movement.

Here is part of this newly proposed theory on particle movement. There is a path to all matter. The path is analogous to a ribbon in an elliptical Mobius strip with twists in the ribbon.  But, this elliptical ribbon with its defined twists is stretched out to a linear path in sync traveling at the speed of light. The angular momentum of the twists at that speed; is gravity. 

The significance of knowing this pattern is in manipulating the wave pattern for traveling along that frequency; surfing gravity waves.   

In comparing electricity to gravity in context of a gravity engine, what is the source of electricity? The source that compiles electricity is the same source to provide gravitational movement: the speed at relativity. At the atomic and subatomic levels, particles have movement. These minute particles are not stationary. This movement of particles relates to the presence of mass traveling at light speed. Gravity follows the unified path of particle movement. Gravity is the twist in the path of angular momentum, a harmonic motion. Building a gravity engine relies on surfing of that movement. Since particles are extremely tiny, a gravity engine must be built upon the resonance of gravitational wave motion to initiate movement of an engine. In knowing this path and manipulating its path, like surfing, utilizing the motion of angular momentum has potential.